The Pedagogical Revolution of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Language Education: A Systematic Review of Enhanced Learning Outcomes and Emerging Methodologies

Abstract

The rapid emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of Second Language Acquisition (SLA). This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence from 51 peer-reviewed studies published between 2023 and early 2026 to evaluate the efficacy of GenAI in language learning environments. The findings indicate that GenAI significantly enhances productive skills—specifically writing and speaking—by providing immediate, personalized feedback and facilitating low-anxiety, interactive dialogue simulations. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that GenAI acts as a powerful cognitive stimulator and learning tutor, promoting learner autonomy and reducing foreign language anxiety. However, the review also identifies critical challenges, including algorithmic bias, over-reliance, and the necessity for "human-in-the-loop" pedagogical frameworks. By mapping the current state of GenAI integration, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of its role as a complementary tool in modern linguistics and offers a roadmap for future longitudinal research in diverse educational contexts.