The East Turkıstan Issue

Abstract

The East Turkestan issue is one of the most significant ethnic, political, and human rights problems in contemporary Asia. This study examines the historical background of East Turkestan, the region’s geopolitical and geostrategic importance, and the policies implemented by the People's Republic of China toward the Uyghur Turks. The paper traces the historical development of East Turkestan from ancient Turkic states to the modern era and analyzes the impact of Chinese rule on the region. Particular attention is given to assimilation policies, demographic changes, cultural restrictions, and allegations of human rights violations. Furthermore, the study evaluates the responses of the international community, international organizations, and human rights institutions to developments in the region. The findings suggest that the East Turkestan issue cannot be understood solely as a security concern but must also be addressed within the framework of minority rights, cultural identity, and human rights. Sustainable stability in the region depends on policies that promote integration, cultural preservation, and respect for fundamental freedoms rather than assimilation and coercion.